Sigmund Freud The Field Of Psychology - 1924 Words

One of the most profound intellectuals in the field of psychology is Sigmund Freud. Though many may have never even heard his name, he is a well-respected and studied asset to modern day psychology history and teachings. Sigmund Freud, born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Austria, was a prominent neurologist and psychiatrist. Born into a Jewish family originally from Bohemia, then forced to flee to Vienna, Freud showed his intelligence and thirst for knowledge at an early age reading Shakespeare at as young as eight years old. Being the curious mind and character he was, he shared his time within several different subjects that intrigued him. Some of these subjects include law, philosophy and particularly the field of medicine. After finishing high school at the age of 17, he decided to further his education in medicine, with a focus on the nervous system, and inevitably achieved his medical degree in 1881. Although Freud was excelling in medical and biological studies, he eventually gave up his career in academia to open up his own practice where he became fascinated with psychological disorders. Freud joined the French neurologist Professor Jean-Martin Charcot in Paris in 1985, where he excelled in his work on hysteria and became familiar with hypnosis. With world and society progressing due to the abundance of intellectuals claiming their fame to fame, Sigmund Freud distinguished him-self with his by developing a new medical discipline known as psychoanalysis. Due to a lackShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1339 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud Biographic Description of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (currently known as Czech Republic). Freud is best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, which entails a scientific analysis of unpacking unconscious conflicts based on free associations, fantasies, and dreams of the patient. He was among the greatest psychologists of the 20th century, and his legacy lasts up to now. While young (4 years old), his family relocated to Vienna where he lived andRead MoreMoore 1. Kristen Moore. Mrs. Kristy French. English Iii1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Relevancy of Freudian Psychology When one unintentionally says something that reveals their thoughts, this is known as a Freudian Slip. When one is being uptight and hostile, they are said to be acting â€Å"anal.† If one witnesses something embarrassing, they claim they hope to repress the memory. If one is a moody, maladaptive worrywart, they are said to be neurotic. All of these common colloquial terms go back to a 19th-20th century psychologist named Sigmund Freud. Freud published a myriad of theoriesRead MoreAnna Freud1216 Words   |  5 PagesANNA FREUD Anna Freud Anna Freud Selecting a woman that made significant contributions to the field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950 is not an easy task as there is more than one woman who made significant contributions to the field of Psychology. Out of those talented women Anna Freud, overshadows her colleagues. Anna can be considered to have a fascinating background, which influenced her later development of unique theoretical perspectives. Her father, Sigmund Freud famousRead MoreHistory of Modern Psychology: Anna Freud 1346 Words   |  6 Pagesthe psychology as a formal discipline; however, many prominent women pioneered major roles in psychology history between 1850 and 1950 (Goodwin, 2005). Freud Sigmund was not only among the Freudian to build credibility in psychology field, this is because Anna Freud-her youngest daughter took career in psychology and made important contributions in the history of psychology. The paper will discuss the background of Anna, her theoretical perspective, and th e contributions she made to the field of psychologyRead MoreAnna Freud. Bio Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesAnna Freud The philosophic contributions to the formal discipline of psychology have primarily been dominated by male visionaries, but many notable women pioneered a role in the history of psychology between 1850 and 1950. Sigmund Freud was not the only Freudian to establish credibility in the field of psychology, as his youngest daughter Anna Freud pursued a career in psychology and made significant historic contributions. Anna’s background, theoretical perspective, and contributions to theRead MoreAnna Freuds Role in the History of Psychology1527 Words   |  7 PagesAnna Freud, born in 1895, was the daughter of Sigmund Freud, the well-known founder of psychology and the psychoanalytic theory. Anna Freud’s work with her father and his friends and associates as well as her own personal studies, curiosities, and analyses lead her to cofound psychoanalytic child psychology. An appealing woman who did not have much of a formal education, Anna Freud, had an extensive background in psychology, an interesting theoretical perspective, and many contributions to theRead MorePsychoanalysis : The Height Of Academia Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagespsychoanalysis wouldn’t exactly put it on a pedestal to measure my work against†¦ Sigmund Freud: What are you proposing? Is Psychoanalysis not the height of academia in your time? Martin Seligman: Only if the height of academia includes the isolation of most psychoanalytic ideas as well as psychoanalysis losing its place within psychiatric education (Hoffman 2010). A lot of psychoanalysis has gone unacknowledged in my era, outside of psychology within pop culture (WYCCWYC). Much of this has to do with your firstRead MoreEssay on The Comparison of Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Comparison of Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner One name that jumps out at the mention of psychology, or the study there of, is the name of Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud is also known as the â€Å"Father of Psychoanalysis.† Freud was also known for having the tendency to trace nearly all psychological problems back to sexual issues. Although only parts of his theory of psychosexual development are still accepted by mainstream psychologists, Freuds theory of the Oedipal Complex has become a culturalRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†

The Maternal Depression During Pregnancy Essay - 1120 Words

MATERNAL DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY Sasha Safi 20122595 Notre Dame University PSL 310 Dr. Lara El Khatib January, 7, 2016 MATERNAL DEPRESSION DURING PREGNANCY When pregnant especially for the first time many women inform themselves on things they can do that are beneficial for the growth and development of their baby and things they should avoid or not do since it can be dangerous for their baby such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and especially being under stress during the first months. As we all know, being pregnant has a high percentage for a women to develop depression and anxiety, this may be due to some hormonal changes that every pregnant women suffers. It’s important to note that only a psychologist or a psychiatrist can diagnose if a pregnant women is suffering from depression due to certain criteria such as when the depressing feeling last more than two weeks, make it hard for the women to accomplish her activities during a normal day, and many other symptoms that affect directly the daily life of a pregnant women. However, most women are warned that being stressed can have serious consequences for the growth and dev elopment of their unborn children. To begin, Depression has been recognized as a disease that affects fetal health. Depressed mothers are more likely to have children with adjustment problems such as mood disorders. They tend to be more difficult, do not haveShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Literature Of Maternal Depression During Prenatal Stages1110 Words   |  5 Pages Evaluating the Relationship of Literature of Maternal Depression during Prenatal Stages. Depression can occur at any time. We often hear talk of postpartum depression or the baby blues, which occurs shortly after the birth of a baby. Though we rarely discuss depression that occurs during pregnancy or prenatal depression. There are estimates that as many as 70% of women will experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy, making it a widespread concern. However, these depressive symptoms areRead MoreMaternal Health And The Pregnancy Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesMaternal health defined by the world health organization as the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. However, this paper examines maternal past experience and utilization of health care during the pregnancy. The primary goal is to assess the role of socio-demographic factors particularly age and race/ ethnicity, and the role of pregnancy intention to the prenatal care utilization and ultimately the correlation of these factors in the birth outcome and the maternalRead MoreD eveloping Countries Are Plagued By Poor Maternal, Infant And Child Health Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesDeveloping countries are plagued by issues of poor maternal, infant and child health (WHO 2011). Approximately 358000 women die during pregnancy and 7.6 million children under five years of age die annually, worldwide (WHO 2011). Adequate maternal health and nutrition are imperative for child survival (WHO 2011). Maternal, perinatal and under-five mortality is still considerably high in South Africa [Department of Health (DOH) 2012]. This is despite efforts to achieve the Millennium DevelopmentRead MoreDeveloping Countries Are Plagued By Issues Of Poor Maternal, Infant And Child Health Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION, THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1.1 Relevance of study Developing countries are plagued by issues of poor maternal, infant and child health (WHO 2011). Approximately 358000 women die during pregnancy and 7.6 million children under five years of age die annually, worldwide (WHO 2011). Adequate maternal health and nutrition are imperative for child survival (WHO 2011). Maternal, perinatal and under-five mortality is still considerably high in South Africa [Department of Health (DOH) 2012]Read MoreFactors That Affect Maternal Mental Health Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pagesaspect of maternal mental health. Among those mentionable factors social factor is a significant aspect. On the basis of the collected data it has been observed that, women disadvantaged social background is prone and exposed to maternal mental illness. The reason being the fact that, the social background acts as a, constrain on their part in terms of awareness and availing required care services and assistance in such condition. As result of this the symptoms associa ted with maternal mental illnessRead MoreMaternal Depression And Its Effects On Many Individuals1384 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Maternal depression can have effects on many individuals. It is a disorder that can have ramifications on women, men, children, and families. Maternal depression is not a disorder that just happens postnatal , this diagnosis can occur in the prenatal stages. It s estimated that 1 in 10 pregnant women and 13 percent of new mothers experience depression. Maternal depression is a mood disorder that begins before or immediately after childbirth. It affects a mother or fathers abilityRead MorePregnant Anxiety And Depression Screening Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesPregnant Anxiety and Depression Screening in to Routine Prenatal Care in China Target audience: Division of women’s health, Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China In China, although several great progresses were made to improve maternal health and decrease infant fatality, there is still insufficient concentration on maternal mental health, especially women during pregnancy. Prenatal Stress, depression, and anxiety areRead MoreThe Trauma That Young Girls Experience When Faced With An Unplanned Pregnancy Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience when faced with an unplanned pregnancy. Not only does pregnancy physically take a toll on a woman’s body, but also being pregnant under the age of 19 with a shaken view of the future can significantly heighten depression, anxiety, and stress for the mother and the baby. This paper aims to highlight the effects of these types of trauma within pregnancy, the most effective forms of treatment, and the influences that these types of trauma would have on the pregnancy itself without the interventionRead MoreDepression And Anxiety786 Words   |  4 PagesSymptoms of depression and anxiety are commo n during pregnancy and greatly effect a women’s health behaviors. The impact of women’s mental health on alcohol use is very significant to examine as prenatal alcohol use, which is common and can have serious negative consequences for the evolving fetus. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety can increase risk for binge drinking during pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy may be associated with extremely detrimental effects for the developing fetusRead MorePreventing Harmful Agents From Hurting The Child866 Words   |  4 Pagesorgans are formed. In the third month of pregnancy, the fetus already has a working nervous system, an immature muscular system, and a developing brain. The first trimester is also when many spontaneous abortions occur. Miscarriages are normally caused by hormonal problems (such as high levels of cortisol), lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking, and severe malnutrition. Cortisol is one a hormone that the body produces while un der stress. Maternal stress plays a large part in the healthy

How Democratic Was the Roman Republic free essay sample

How democratic was the Roman Republic in the 1st Century BC? By Joe Harris F6 Plan – 1500 words Introduction: 150 words Para 1: 250 words – Tribunes: Peoples voice in the tribunes/stripped under sulla Para 2: 250 words – Democratic institutions: voting, law courts Para 3: 250 words – Biased towards the aristocracy Para 4: 250 words – corruption/ voting syndicates Para 5: 250 words – relative to other empires of the time Conclusion: 150 words Introduction:The definition of a democracy: ‘Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or their elected agents under a free electoral system. ’ There are various different arguments relating to how democratic the Roman Republic in the 1st Century BC was. It is hard to make a clear cut decision on whether it was a democracy or not due to the fact the Republic was shifting and changing constantly during the 1st Century BC.On one hand you could argue that the Republic was democratic due to the fact there were democratic institutions put in place, the people had a voice with the tribunes and in relation to other great empires of the period the Roman Republic was probably the most democratic out of them all. We will write a custom essay sample on How Democratic Was the Roman Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand, however, the Republic seemed to be heavily influenced by the aristocracy, corruption was rife and more often than not the people’s views were crushed or ignored by dictators or the senate who were looking solely for their own benefit. The Tribunate:Every year in the Roman Republic ten people’s tribunes were voted in, these tribunes were meant to be the voice of the people. They had special powers including, proposing legislation before the Plebeian council, being sacrosanct, being able to veto any proposal of the senate if they thought it was not in the best wishes of the people and being able to summon the senate and lay proposals before it. These powers enabled the tribunes to voice the opinions of the masses and giving them a voice in democratic matters, so it can be argued that the existence of the tribunes made the republic democratic because every person had a voice. During the dictatorship of Sulla starting in 81 BC after the Social War had ended, Sulla restricted the power of the tribunes by removing their power to initiate any legislation, removing their power to veto a proposal by the senate and not allowing any ex-tribunes to ever hold any other office again. Sulla crippled the tribunate by removing its power and prestige as no one who had any ambition would become a tribune because it would be a dead end career. By doing this the people’s voices would no longer hold as much power as they had done so previously, thus making the republic a whole lot less democratic.

Rubber, Rise of an Essential Commodity

Origin and exploration or rubber Many times we do not give any thought to rubber with consideration to its origin. It is evident that rubber originates from a variety of plants. Moreover, high-yield plants are found in native Latin America and the most outstanding ones are Castolloa and Hevea. It is worth knowing that, in the pre-Columbian America, people used rubber for different artifacts like shoes, balls and water proofing. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Rubber, Rise of an Essential Commodity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, however, had not been evident anywhere else until after Columbus industrial revolution. Rubber was introduced in Europe in 1492 and used for the manufacture of erasers and balls. Furthermore, there were controversies that it melted in the sun, it also had a bad smell and became brittle in cold temperatures. Nevertheless, it was used for industrial and domestic applications, with Charles Goodyear inventing vulcanization in 1839. The products that were produced from rubber include generators, electrical motors and tires. It is evident that there were contradictions involving rubber as related to its exploitation. As it was considered to be high-tech and crude. The trees were cut with machetes and latex dripped in cups after which they were transferred to industries in North America and Europe industries. Britain experienced a mushroom growth of manufacturing industry. Hardships in rubber exploration Among the first products of rubber in Britain were firestone, Goodyear, BF Goodrich and general tire. Additionally, Poverty and calamities like hunger and death resulted on the course of rubber exploitation. At these early years plantations only flourished in Africa, Asia and Oceania. As a result, Henry Wickham imported hevea seeds via Kew gardens in 1876. The Putumayo valley in Brazil had vast numbers of Castilloa trees; however, there were few trappers someth ing that made importation of Chinese and Japanese an option that never happened. In 2007, anthropologists discovered the lost tribe in Peruvian rainforest this included the Huitotos. Liberian conquest of America after 1492 resulted in slavery, genocide and dispossession. The Portuguese started Atlantic slave trade, whereas the entire Hispaniola population died 50 years after Columbus. Walt Hardenburg crossed the Andes in the late 1970 after working on the Panama Canal. Furthermore, he travelled to London to confront the PACO board about the horrors slaves were undergoing.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is evident from the literature that rubber has come a long way from its discovery, exploitation and use at present. Furthermore, slaves seem to have played a vital role in this process. Rubber was mainly grown in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Thus, the colonialists exploi ted these resources and developed the current brands of rubber. This report on Rubber, Rise of an Essential Commodity was written and submitted by user Tal0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Susan B. Anthony, Womens Suffrage Activist

Susan B. Anthony, Women's Suffrage Activist Susan B. Anthony (February 15, 1820–March 13, 1906) was an activist, reformer, teacher, lecturer, and key spokesperson for the woman suffrage and womens rights movements of the 19th century. Together with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, her lifelong partner in political organizing, Anthony played a pivotal role in the activism that led to American women gaining the right to vote. Fast Facts: Susan B. Anthony Known For:  Key spokesperson for the 19th-century womens suffrage movement, probably the best-known of the suffragistsAlso Known As:  Susan Brownell AnthonyBorn:  February 15, 1820 in Adams, MassachusettsParents: Daniel Anthony and Lucy ReadDied:  March 13, 1906 in Rochester, New YorkEducation: A district school, a local school set up by her father, a Quaker boarding school in PhiladelphiaPublished Works:  History of Woman Suffrage, The Trial of Susan B. AnthonyAwards and Honors: The Susan B. Anthony dollarNotable Quote: It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. Early Life Susan B. Anthony was born in Massachusetts on February 15, 1820. Her family moved to Battenville,  New York when Susan was 6 years old. She was raised as a Quaker. Her father Daniel was a farmer and then a cotton mill owner, while her mothers family had served in the American Revolution and worked in the Massachusetts government. Her family was politically engaged and her parents and several siblings were active in both the abolitionist and temperance movements. In her home, she met such towering figures of the abolitionist movement as Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, who were friends with her father. Education Susan attended a district school, then a local school set up by her father, and then a Quaker boarding school near Philadelphia.  She had to leave school to work to assist her family after they suffered a steep financial loss. Anthony taught for a few years at a Quaker seminary. At the age of 26, she became a headmistress at the womens division of the Canajoharie Academy. She then worked briefly for the family farm before devoting herself full-time to activism, making her living off of speakers fees. Early Activism When she was 16 and 17 years old, Susan B. Anthony began circulating anti-slavery petitions.  She worked for a while as the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. Like many other women abolitionists, she began to see that in the â€Å"aristocracy of sex†¦woman finds a political master in her father, husband, brother, son.† In 1848, the first Women’s Rights Convention in the U.S. was held at  Seneca Falls, New York, launching the womens suffrage movement. Susan B. Anthony was teaching and did not attend. A few years later in 1851, Susan B. Anthony met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the Conventions organizers, when they both were attending an anti-slavery meeting also at Seneca Falls. Anthony was involved in the temperance movement at the time. Because Anthony was not permitted to speak at a general temperance meeting, she and Stanton formed the Womens New York State Temperance Society in 1852. Working With Elizabeth Cady Stanton Stanton and Anthony formed a 50-year lifelong working partnership. Stanton, married and a mother to a number of children, served as the writer and theorist of the two. Anthony, never married, was more often the organizer and the one who traveled, spoke widely, and bore the brunt of antagonistic public opinion. Anthony was good at strategy. Her discipline, energy, and ability to organize made her a strong and successful leader.  During some periods of her activism, Anthony gave as many as 75 to 100 speeches a year. Post War After the Civil War, Anthony was greatly discouraged that those working for suffrage for black Americans were willing to continue to exclude women from voting rights. She and Stanton thus became more focused on woman suffrage. She helped to found the American Equal Rights Association in 1866. In 1868, with Stanton as editor, Anthony became the publisher of The Revolution. Stanton and Anthony founded the National Woman Suffrage Association, larger than its rival American Woman Suffrage Association, associated with Lucy Stone. The two groups would eventually merge in 1890. Over her long career, Anthony appeared before every Congress between 1869 and 1906 on behalf of women’s suffrage. Working for Womens Rights Other Than Suffrage Susan B. Anthony advocated for womens rights on other fronts besides suffrage. These new rights included the right of a woman to divorce an abusive husband, the right to have guardianship of her children, and the right for women to be paid equal to men. Her advocacy contributed to the 1860 passage of the Married Womens Property Act, which gave married women the right to own separate property, enter into contracts, and be joint guardians of their children. Much of this bill was unfortunately rolled back after the Civil War. Test Vote In 1872, in an attempt to claim that the constitution already permitted women to vote, Susan B. Anthony cast a test vote in Rochester, New York, in the presidential election. With a group of 14 other women in Rochester, New York, she registered to vote at a local barbershop, part of the New Departure strategy of the woman suffrage movement. On November 28, the 15 women and the registrars were arrested. Anthony contended that women already had the constitutional right to vote. The court disagreed in  United States v. Susan B. Anthony. She was found guilty, though she refused to pay the resulting fine (and no attempt was made to force her to do so). Abortion Stance In her writings, Susan B. Anthony occasionally mentioned abortion. She opposed abortion, which at the time was an unsafe medical procedure for women, endangering their health and life. She blamed men, laws, and the double standard for driving women to abortion because they had no other options. When a woman destroys the life of her unborn child, it is a sign that, by education or circumstances, she has been greatly wronged, she wrote in 1869. Anthony believed, as did many of the feminists of her era, that only the achievement of womens equality and freedom would end the need for abortion. Anthony used her anti-abortion writings as yet another argument for womens rights. Controversial Views Some of Susan B. Anthonys writings could be considered racist by todays standards, particularly her writings from the period when she was angry that the 15th Amendment had written the word male into the constitution for the first time in permitting suffrage for freedmen. She sometimes argued that educated white women would be better voters than ignorant black men or immigrant men. In the late 1860s, she even portrayed the vote of freedmen as threatening the safety of white women. George Francis Train, whose capital helped launch Anthony and Stantons The Revolution newspaper, was a noted racist. Later Years In her later years, Susan B. Anthony worked closely with Carrie Chapman Catt. Anthony retired from active leadership of the suffrage movement in 1900 and turned over the presidency of the NAWSA to Catt. She worked with Stanton and Mathilda Gage on what would eventually be the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage. By the time she was 80 years old, even though woman suffrage was far from won, Anthony was acknowledged as an important public figure. Out of respect, President William McKinley  invited her to celebrate her birthday at the White House. She also met with President Theodore Roosevelt to argue that a suffrage amendment be submitted to Congress. Death A few months before her death in 1906, Susan B. Anthony delivered her Failure Is Impossible speech at her 86th birthday celebration in Washington, D.C. She died of heart failure and pneumonia at home in Rochester, New York. Legacy Susan B. Anthony died 14 years before all U.S. women won the right to vote with the 1920 passage of the 19th  Amendment. Although she did not live to see womens suffrage achieved across the entire United States, Susan B. Anthony was a key worker in laying the groundwork for this change. And she did live to witness the sea change in attitudes that was requisite for universal suffrage. In 1979, Susan B. Anthonys image was chosen for the new dollar coin, making her the first woman to be depicted on U.S. currency. The size of the dollar was, however, close to that of the quarter, and the Anthony dollar never became very popular. In 1999 the U.S. government announced the replacement of the Susan B. Anthony dollar with one featuring the image of Sacagawea. Sources Anthony, Susan B.  The Trial of Susan B. Anthony.  Humanity Books, 2003.Hayward, Nancy. â€Å"Susan B. Anthony.† National Women’s History Museum, 2017.Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, Ann De Gordon, and Susan B. Anthony.  Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: In the School of Anti-Slavery, 1840-1866. Rutgers University Press, 1997.Ward, Geoffery C. and Ken Burns.  Not For Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Knopf, 2001.

The Difference Between Emigrate and Immigrate

The Difference Between Emigrate and Immigrate These two verbs have similar meanings, but they differ in point of view.Emigrate means to leave one country to settle in another. Immigrate means to settle in a country where one isnt a native. ​Emigrate stresses leaving; ​immigrate stresses arriving. For example, from the point of view of the British, you emigrate when you leave England to settle in Canada. From the point of view of the Canadians, you have immigrated to Canada and are considered an immigrant. Emigrate describes the move relative to the place of departure. Immigrate describes it relative to the place of arrival. Examples The film Amreeka tells the story of a Palestinian mother and son who emigrate from the West Bank to Illinois.The modern American Christmas tree originated with German Lutherans and spread to Pennsylvania after they began to immigrate here in the 18th century. Practice Understanding the Difference (a) When my grandparents decided to _____ to the U.S., there was no one waiting for them here.(b) At the end of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, thousands  of people were compelled to _____  from  Asia Minor to Greece. Answers (a) When my grandparents decided to  immigrate  to the U.S., there was no one waiting for them here.(b) At the end of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, thousands  of people were compelled to  emigrate  from  Asia Minor to Greece.

Criminal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Criminal Justice - Coursework Example The social control is often maintained in the criminal justice system to pave the way for orderly and crime free societies. Criminal justice agency mandated by the United States government to exhibit criminal justice is the U.S. department of justice (DOJ’s). This department ensures that all the societal norms are followed to the later. In cases of anomie or normlessness, the criminal law pursuit always takes its course to ensure order is fully restored in all systems in the society. Justice concept of the criminal justice system provides for freedoms and rights of the criminals (Schmalleger 46). Detention before trial is against the criminal justice laws. Taking more days before trial as well is against this law’s pursuit. Lastly, all the criminals are always innocent until proved guilty by the DOJ’s agencies. In summary, the criminal justice system is one of the key role players in a society’s cohesion and integration. The United States criminal justice system is indiscriminative thus exercises enacted laws equally to all the races in the society. The criminal justice ensures there is a universal application of jurisdiction in all the intended societal criminal activities. Through criminal justice, the societies live harmoniously as normless behaviours are highly regulated. These, therefore, are some of the important roles played by criminal justice systems in the United

Perspective on Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Perspective on Policing - Essay Example According to Wilson and Kelling, minor disorders (like littering, loitering, public drinking, panhandling, and prostitution) if tolerated, produce an environment that is likely to attract crime. They signal to potential criminals that delinquent behavior will not be reported or controlled -- that no one is in charge. One broken window, left unrepaired, invites other broken windows. These progressively break down community standards, leaving the community vulnerable to crime. A stable neighborhood of families who care for their homes, mind each other's children, and confidently frown on unwanted intruders can change, in a few years or even a few months, to an inhospitable and frightening jungle. A piece of property is abandoned, weeds grow up, a window is smashed. Adults stop scolding rowdy children; the children, emboldened, become more rowdy. Families move out, unattached adults move in. Teenagers gather in front of the comer store. The merchant asks them to move; they refuse. Fights occur. Litter accumulates. People start drinking in front of the grocery; in time, an inebriate slumps to the sidewalk and is allowed to sleep it off. Pedestrians are approached by panhandlers. At this point it is not inevitable that serious crime will flourish or violent attacks on strangers will occur. But many residents will think that crime, especially violent crime, is on the rise, and they will modify their behavior accordingly. Such an area is vulnerable to criminal invasion. Though it is not inevitable, it is more likely that here... drugs will change hands, prostitutes will solicit, and cars will be stripped. That the drunks will be robbed by boys who do it as a lark, and the prostitutes' customers will be robbed by men who do it purposefully and perhaps violently. The social meaning in question is the meaning of order and disorder. Order means that the community cares about its neighborhood and is prepared to enforce norms of orderliness. Social norm proponents suggest that "some social meanings are constructed." Those that are, are socially constructed through the interrelationship of action and context -- the context being certain expectations or understandings that are often unquestioned. Social meanings are "the frameworks of understanding within which individuals live; a way to describe what they take or understand various actions, or inactions, or statuses to be; and a way to understand how the understandings change."(n66) When these understandings are uncontested, the related social meanings acquire more power and appear unavoidable. Social Influence Social meanings can have social influence, which is to say that they can influence the behavior of individuals in society. In the broken windows context, the social meaning of disorder influences the disorderly to commit crimes and law abiders to leave the neighborhood. Conversely, the social meaning of order influences the disorderly not to follow their inclination to commit crime and law abiders to walk more freely in the streets at night. The relationship between social meaning, social influence and social norms is illustrated in the following figure: In the context of order-maintenance policing, this suggests that, by encouraging the social norm of orderliness, major crime may decline because (a)

Environmental Impacts Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impacts Essay There is a large gap between developed and developing countries in terms of the attention given to environmental concerns. As a general rule, developing nations place the environment low on their list of priorities. Managing the ecosystem takes a back seat to economic advancement and industrialization, which are seen as more pressing needs. On the other hand, developed nations generally take a more proactive role in environment management because they have the budget and the technology to do so. They have also recognized that further economic development can no longer do without sustainable environmental practices (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001). Stemming from this basic difference of priorities is the great disparity between the environment’s impacts on the health of people living in the First World and those living in the Third World. However, it is simplistic to assume that the former are invariably healthier than the latter. While it is true that developing nations use less environmentally-friendly practices, the sheer level of industrialization and commercialization in developed countries sometimes means that these countries produce far more pollution and thus create more health problems for their citizens. A comprehensive assessment of the interaction between human health and the natural environment is not possible given the length of this paper. Nevertheless, this essay will explore some differences between First and Third World nations with regards to two selected major public health issues, namely, air pollution and water pollution. Air Pollution Palo and Solberg (1999) have identified carbon dioxide as the most abundant greenhouse gas produced today, and they cite it as the most critical contributor to global warming, a phenomenon that poses a grave threat to human health and security. Confalioneri et al. (2007) detailed the exact nature of this threat in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report. Global warming first affects humanity by changing weather patterns. Extreme temperature swings, irregular precipitation, rising sea levels, more powerful storms, droughts and heatwaves have all become more common as a direct result of global warming. These phenomena in turn negatively affect the quality and quantity of food, water and air available to human populations. These phenomena inflict a great amount of damage on human settlements and infrastructure as well. The worldwide spikes in malnutrition, infectious diseases, and deaths from extreme weather events are all directly proportional to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The IPCC also warned that developing societies were at the greatest risk to these environmental pressures. Among these developing nations, Douglas et al. (2001) cited coral reef atolls and reef islands as the most prone because their rates of land loss are dramatically impacted on by incremental rises in sea level. They cited the rapidly disappearing land of the Maldives, the Marshall Islands, and some low-lying Japanese islands as some of the most alarming manifestations of global warming. They added that rise in sea levels has led not only to escalating land loss, but also to the contamination of underground water sources in nations such as Israel, Thailand and island states in the Pacific and the Caribbean. The combined loss of arable land and potable water caused by global warming does not only lead to malnutrition and disease but also to social pressures such as overcrowding in cities, which increase the strain on the human population’s health. In addition, developing countries lack the infrastructure to protect their populations from the increasingly negative repercussions of climate change. In nations such as India, Bangladesh and Burma, relief efforts for victims of increasingly destructive storms are routinely slowed down by the insufficient facilities, resources and personnel. However, it should be noted that developed countries are not immune to these calamities. The unprecedented destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina on a major U. S. city serves as a grim reminder of the vulnerability of First World nations to extreme weather events. Cooper and Block (2007) are only two of many Americans who have accused the United States’ Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of being prepared for natural disasters â€Å"on paper,† only to be caught flat-footed when Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New Orleans on August 29, 2005. Cooper and Block also blame FEMA’s ineptitude for the unsanitary living conditions thousands of survivors had to endure for several weeks after the disaster. To this day, New Orleans has not fully recovered from the hurricane. Carbon dioxide emissions are not the only major source of air pollution. Other chemicals such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also pose significant health problems. As Tang (2004) has underlined, these primary pollutants are doubly hazardous because they can react photochemically to create secondary pollutants, and these secondary pollutants can also undergo further chemical reactions which result in even deadlier substances. This type of air pollution is one of the most critical problems in China today, especially in the capital of Beijing. As one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world, China has seen an enormous surge in demand for fossil fuels to feed its factories and the motorized transport of its citizens. In addition, China has much lower emissions standards for its automobiles compared to other countries, leading to more pollution produced per vehicle. Tang cited Song et al. (2003), who noted the sharp increase in respiratory diseases among Chinese living in urban areas, as well as many residents’ complaints about the chronic lack of visibility in Beijing. Once again, these health problems are not limited to developing countries. In fact, this type of air pollution is acutely felt in megacities such as Los Angeles and London, where air quality is severely compromised by the millions of automobiles and the factories located in and around the city limits. However, developed countries are taking definite steps to decrease the pollution, with one notable exception. As Al Gore observed in the documentary An Inconvenient Truth (2006), the United States lags far behind its European counterparts when it comes to enforcing more environmentally friendly emissions standards for its automobiles. The discrepancy has reached the point where some American vehicles can no longer be sold in European countries because they no longer meet government environment safety standards.

Women Coping with Breast Cancer Essay -- Health, Diseases, Cancer Diag

Women Coping with Breast Cancer Coping has been closely connected to stress; it involves a process by which a person attempts to restore balance in response to a stressful life event (Henderson, Gore, Davis, and Condon, 2003). The most common cancer among Canadian women in 2010 is breast cancer. An average of 445 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and an average of 100 Canadian women will die of breast cancer every week (Canadian Cancer Society, 2010). Coping with breast cancer has been defined as being emotionally and physically challenging for women and their families (Henderson et Al., 2003). Women that are newly diagnosed with breast cancer and those in the period between diagnosis and treatment are seen as being most stressful due to the uncertainty and ambiguity about the disease, lack of information and the need to make treatment decisions as soon as possible (Balneaves and Long, 1999). Understanding women’s experience in coping with breast cancer will aid nurses and other health car e professionals to recognize maladaptive coping strategies and ensure that women receive the support that they need in order to promote physical and psychological recovery (Luker, Beaver, Leinster and Owens, 1996). Description of Literature The purpose of this limited descriptive review is to develop an understanding of how women cope when diagnosed with breast cancer. The review includes 13 single studies in total, represented by seven quantitative studies and six qualitative studies from 1996-2008. In addition, one mixed-method study will be reviewed. The chosen articles will be defined according to paradigm, method, samples, and key findings. Also, it will be described in a synthesized manner according to qualitative and... ... 2006; Gonzalez and Lengacher, 2007). Another limitation that was noted among the literature was the potential bias in selecting samples and the generalization of the studies findings was limited. The data needs to be considered because of the complex nature of the disease and treatments (Wengstrom et al., 2001; Ebright and Lyon, 2002; Henderson et al., 2003; Carlsson, 2005; Li and Lambert, 2007; Gonzalez and Lengacher, 2007). Lastly, in a number of studies, the data was only measure at one point in time. Feelings and emotions change from time to time. Also, a single time measurement does not allow dynamic changes in the study to be investigated accordingly. Measuring multiple times will aid in providing more credible data for the studies (Luker, et al., 1996; Henderson et al, 2003; Gelinas and Fillion, 2004; Drageset and Lindstrom, 2005; Carlsson et al., 2005).

Article on the Discussions of the EMC Problems

The purpose of this article is to discuss the EMC problem and to briefly illustrate its relevance in the development, manufacturing and sale of commercial escalator components in Australia. The intent audiences of this report are engineers and managers from WTM, an escalator development company planning on entering the Australian market. Electromagnetic interference or EMI caused by radiation has been a known problem ever since the very earlier days of the electronic age. In some cases, electromagnetic interference can cause severe conflicts between electronic devices operating in the same environment. Today, with the rapid spread of electrical and electronic devices, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) has become a subject gathering ever increasing interests and attention. Electromagnetic compatibility is known as the discipline of designing, analysing and testing of electronic equipment, to ensure that they are compatible with their electromagnetic environment. By conforming to the EMC regulations in the design stage, we reduce the potential of discovering design problem after the design has left the development laboratory. The definition of EMC can also be described using the terms EMI and EMS. MES is electromagnetic susceptibility or immunity. Thus, a electronic device must have an EMI emission below that of the defined maximum limit and must remain in fault-free operation with interference below the EMS limit. In a carefully controlled environment, such as in an airliner, passengers can be kept from using equipment which might cause interference with the airliners navigational and communication system. But this is not a realistic solution for an escalator system. The use of some electronic equipment in the close proximity of the elevator is inevitable and necessary. Hence, the main problem facing all elevator equipment developers is the need for sufficient equipment and component shielding thus preventing unwanted electromagnetic frequencies from entering or exiting devices and interfering with other control circuitry. This limits the unwanted electromagnetic radiation and ensures that components will continue to function in the presence of EMI from other electronic devices. To accomplish this, equipment designer and manufacturers must take reasonable precautions and be aware of the issues and regulations explained in the following section. In today†s world of electronics, it is necessary to deal with standards for electronic emission and susceptibility levels. The standards are guidelines for emission and susceptibility limits allowing electronic devices to coexist in the same environment. These standards are not static, as technology improves, new standards are established while existing standards are abolished. Manufacturers should refer to the suite of mandatory standards to determine the standards applying to the product. An escalator as a product comprises of many component parts, it is physically large and widely distributed. It is impossible to test a lift for compliance on site due to the fact that the test results are not reproducible. Thus, generic EMC standards are not appropriate. In this case product-specific standard which has been tailored to the specific circumstance and design of the product would apply and take precedence over generic standard. Normally, a product†s conformity has to be proof-read by a type test on EMI and EMS. The results must be within the allowed tolerances and must be independent from when and where it was performed. The EMC standards define the artificial interfaces, test equipment to be used and the set up of the test environment allowing reproducible measurements to be done on EMI and EMS. Developers should only use accredited ad trustworthy test laboratories for EMC tests. Once verification is complete, manufacturers is entitled to a Conformity Declaration. Each product must then be labelled according to the label specification. The label allows the origin of the product to be traced. In Australia and most other industrialise nations, devices without certification can not be sold. It is the responsibilities of the suppliers or manufacturers to ensure that all products on the market satisfy the technical requirement of the Australian EMC framework. Most of the time, a elevator comprises of components sourced from many manufacturers, in this case, the installer is considered the manufacturer. Thus, the components manufacturer must provide the installer with a declaration of conformity. Generally, the earlier EMC is taken into account during development, the lower the expense. From test cases, additional production costs fall between 1-5%. If the issue of EMC is considered after the development phase, the production costs can be significant higher. And if measures were taken after production, the costs will increase by another 30%. Apart from suffering lower profit, the entire manufacturing process will experience long delays, thus reduced market share. Due to high EMC test equipment cost, sometimes EMC measures are given to an external consultant. However, highest flexibility is achieved by doing pre-compliance testing and basic EMC measures in the company during development and give compliance testing and EMC fine tuning to the experts of EMC consultant. In any case, there should be at least one person in the company responsible for the management of EMC regulations, engineering and contacts to the consultants. For a product containing electric or electronic components, EMC is a quality feature just like others. Products without EMC certification do not have a standing ground on the Australia market. To be compliant with the Australian EMC regulations, work need to be carried out in every stage of the development cycle, from the design phase right through to the marketing and installation phase. Thus it is very important for TWM to consult the Australian Spectrum Management Agency of the Australian Communications Authority for a more concise reference for implementing measures which must be taken to assure that the products complies to the Australia EMC Standards.

Retired Teacher

Implementing Time To Teach Using a Flow Chart D’Ette Griffin March 11, 2013 EDU 618 Dr. Thinh Nguyen Learning Setting: The learning setting is a middle school in rural Espanola, New Mexico. The school is only 8th and 9th grade, about six hundred students. Having only two grades causes some of the discipline problems of the school to be exaggerated. Schools with only two grades set up unique problems, missing the third grade which balances the school. Eighty five percent of these students are on the free lunch program, many of their families are on welfare, unemployment, disability or have very low paying jobs.The poverty rate in Espanola, New Mexico is very high. The racial break-down is about 49% Hispanic, 28% Native American, 20% Caucasian and 3% African American. The school’s staff has noticed that many of the students lack positive character traits, low level discipline problems; they have low test scores and a huge bullying problem. The administrators and staff hav e decided to bring in a classroom management program that will address these issues. The program the principal has decided to implement is called Time To Teach. The principal has hired a trainer and the dates have been set.This paper will explore the process of choosing and implement a classroom management program by using the project logic model. â€Å"The program logic model is defined as a picture of how your organization does its work – the theory and assumptions underlying the program. A program logic model links outcomes (both short- and long-term) with program activities/processes and the theoretic assumptions/principles of the program. †(Kellogg, 2004 p. 111) The goal of an educator is to educate, but every administrator and educator knows that that is easier said than done.The goal of education is often hindered by inappropriate behaviors that stop teaching, stop learning and are a waste of time. Initial attempts to combat this problem begin with posting all t he school-wide rules and expectations and a list of what the consequences for failure to follow the rules. Schools wanting to create a positive learning environment and sense of community to must go beyond the basic rules and communicate the vision of the school. The vision should be shared among staff, students and the community and all stakeholders need to â€Å"buy-in†.The students must be ‘buy-in’ the importance of good behavior and character, furthermore become active participants in making their school better. The behavioral expectations will be displayed in every classroom as the ‘expectations will posted throughout the campus as well as the schools vision. It is â€Å"equally important to remember to periodically update the vision as necessary to maintain personal and cultural relevance. †(Dahlgren, Malas, Faulk and Lattimer,(2008, p. 188) When choosing a vision for your school it may take on many varied forms the authors continue, there is n o right way to have it, â€Å"the important thing is just to have it. (p. 189) Finally they suggest Vision and Mission statements should be revisited in three to four years to reflect the cultural changes and relevance of the times. Mission Statement The mission of Carlos Vigil Middle School is to guide students to become productive and contributing members of society. Carlos Vigil Middle School will provide strong academic and co-curricular programs. The staff shall coordinate resources of the school and community so that students will respect themselves and others, while appreciating the value of diversity, individuality, creativity.Recognize that problems are opportunities of change. We seek a set of moral standards and character traits that allows them to thrive in the world. Students will be taught with â€Å"Unconditional Positive Regard† and teachers will model appropriate behavior. Students will experience the joy of learning as a lifelong process. The value system t hat underlies efforts to accomplish this mission includes these beliefs and student Expectations: †¢ The school community will be a safe and caring environment that promotes respect, self-worth, creativity, and academic growth. All members of the school community work collaboratively. This process includes good communications, shared decision-making and accountability. †¢ Learning is a process in which all can participate and succeed. Inherent in the process is innovation, risk-taking, and the challenge of one’s personal limits. †¢ The school community should foster the intellectual, emotional, and physical well-being of each student. †¢ Diversity should be welcomed for the strength it brings to the education of all members of the school community. Education should be celebrated as a lifelong process that fosters person and positive growth. The staff and administration and a group of students worked on a committee that helped plan and develop the vision an d mission statements for Carlos Vigil Middle School. Finally, the school will hold a contest to develop a â€Å"Character Logo† that will be in every classroom and part of the school community. The winning design will be made into huge posters, banners, and will represent what we as a school are our most important character traits.Once the vision and mission statements have been decided upon the next step would be to present the ‘Logic Model’, and the flow chart will be explored throughout this paper. The logic model as described by W. K. Kellogg in his Logic Model Development Guide: â€Å"In general, logic modeling can greatly enhance the participatory role and usefulness of evaluation as a management and learning tool. Developing and using logic models is an important step in building community capacity and strengthening community voice.The ability to identify outcomes and anticipate ways to measure them provides all program participants with a clear map of th e road ahead. Map in hand, participants are more confident of their place in the scheme of things, and hence, more likely to actively engage and less likely to stray from the course – and when they do, to do so consciously and intentionally. Because it is particularly amenable to visual depictions, program logic modeling can be a strong tool in communicating with diverse audiences – those who have varying world views and different levels of experience with program development and evaluation. (Kellogg, P. 111) Logic Model Development Guide The school system including the principal, counselors, administrators, and a group of teachers collaborated on helping to decide on the program that would be implemented â€Å"Time To Teach† and which behaviors that we were going to â€Å"Teach To† if we plug these behaviors into the flow chart model each segment will have a chart that represents that particular behavior or character trait. A typical flow chart will incl ude the following:Assumptions| Input| Activities| Outputs | Short & Long Term Outcomes| Impact| Conduct Needs assessment | Money for Staff development and Title 1 monies | Staff training & training activity| Five core beliefs | Students will have better self-esteem| Successful student-teacher relationships | Secure Training facility | Equipment needs | Classroom ecology analysis | Self-control | Improved Test scores | Increased Test Scores by a measurable percentage | Classroom management program will address behavior issues and character traits. Selection of the Time to Teach Program | Teaching classroom expectations & Refocus Establish a base of support Establish â€Å"buddy teachers†Teach Refocus Process Produce Refocus forms | Classroom by Design Teach To’sStudents learn â€Å"expectations† | Lower principal referrals Intended OutcomesStudent Mood Awareness & Rapid Teacher Response (SMARTRTM)Clear classroom expectations â€Å"Teach-To’s†Student s with good self –esteem ~ Unconditional Positive Regard Lower Principal referrals Improved Test Scores| Students will recognize the good in each other and will accept each others differences, there will be less bullying because they are treating each other with the respect that the receive from staff and each other. | Before any program can be implemented the principal will be doing certain activities to get ready for implementing the program. A needs assessment must be completed to determine to what the goals are and what activities are going to be done to reach these goals.After conducting the needs assessment, the principal can determine the goals for the program. Once they have chosen a program, then they must budget for the training, that means acquiring funds. The next activity is choosing a venue to have the training session and planning for lunch and or snacks. Activities â€Å"are the procedures, techniques, tools, events, technology, and actions of the planned pro gram. †(Kellogg, 2004,p. 8) The author continues, â€Å"These may include products-promotional materials and educational curricula; services education and training, counseling, or health screening and infrastructure –structure, relationships, and capacity, used to bring about the desired results. (p. 8) Activities will include students designing character logos and banners, after the implementation of the program. The Time to Teach classroom management program can be implemented into the school system as soon as the training session is over; all the components can be implemented the following school year. The next school year will begin with all the â€Å"classroom expectations† posted in the hallways, classrooms and on the buses. Starting on the first day of school and will continue until all classrooms, school library, cafeteria, behavior on the bus, the first week to two weeks will be spent teaching the expected behaviors to the students.As teachers we cannot afford to assume that students know how to behave properly in need to be taken to prepare for the professional development training program and for implementing strategies after the training has been completed. For example, Implementation activities are â€Å"included for each component of a program logic model. † (McDavid, Huse, & Hawthorn, 2013) These implementation activities teachers can use to immediately start using the techniques of the program. Here is the three classroom integrity classroom questions teachers can mentally ask themselves, â€Å"Am I able to Teach? Are the other students able to learn? Is the student in question able to learn? † (Dahlgren & Hyatt, 2007) This is just a quick sample of a starting point for teachers. Outputs:Outputs can be described as in â€Å"terms of the size and or scope of the services and products delivered or produced by the program. They indicate if a program was delivered to the intended audiences at the intended ‘ dose. †(Kellogg, 2013) The Time To Teach would have to be viewed by the teachers to start to implement the â€Å"product† which in this case it would be the training session. Once the teachers have participated in the training/product they can return to the classroom and begin to implement the Time To Teach strategies and activities so that they can get the desired outcome. The desired outcomes will include ‘buy-in’ by all staff members, parents and teachers.There must be a shared sense of purpose among the staff, students, parents and community. (Dahlgren, & Hyatt, 2007) The authors continue when there is a failure to achieve this ‘buy-in’ by one or more of the stakeholders than there will be limited policy effectiveness and it may even become useless. When the Time To Teach program has been properly implemented and there is ‘buy-in’ by all participating parties then the likely outcomes will be successful. The Five Core Beliefs th at the Time to Teach philosophy incorporates, Self-Control, Classroom by Design, Teach To’s, Refocus, and the student teacher relationships or Unconditional Positive Regard.If the stakeholders do ‘buy-in’ to the program then they end up with 30% higher test scores, better behaved students and lower principal referrals. (Dahlgren & Hyatt,2007) Outcomes: When planning for your program you can demonstrate your programs progress by projecting outcomes. â€Å"Outcomes identify the short-term and long-term outcomes you expect to achieve for each activity. †(Kellogg, 2007p. 14) Outcomes can further be defined as â€Å"specific changes in attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, skills, status, or level of functioning expected to result from program activities and which are most often expressed at an individual level†(p. 8) The activities that are planned ultimately bring the outcomes that are trying to accomplish. The activities approach model also connects progra m resources and activities but does so in great detail. Each outcome is usually dealt with separately by the activities and events that must take place to keep on track. †(p. 12) The intended outcomes for the Time to Teach program will be discussed throughout the rest of this paper. Time To Teach! is an evidence based classroom management program that uses proven, practical, and powerful strategies. These strategies are researched based and ready to be put to use in the classroom. The Five Core components of Time To Teach! mirror what many esteemed researchers say works. Many leading researchers define classroom management in similar terms.Robert Marzano (2003) defined effective classroom as â€Å"the confluence of teacher actions in four distinct areas: (1) establishing and enforcing rules and procedures,(2)carrying out disciplinary actions,(3)maintaining effective teacher and student relationships, and (4) maintaining an appropriate mental set for management†(88-89) C lassroom management was rated as the most important variable in building and sustaining a high achieving classroom in nearly every major study on academic achievement. (Dahlgren, Malas, Faulk, and Lattimer,2008) Once Time To Teach! has been implemented, teachers should be able to read student mood and respond calmly and quickly, as needed. Teachers will correctly read social and emotional cues and correctly perceive students responses to their behaviors. Specifically, when a student becomes disruptive, it is the teachers job to respond calmly and appropriately. Teachers who exhibit this kind of self-control can read their room and will react swiftly, calmly, and compassionately. We call this the SMARTR TM response- Student Mood Awareness and Rapid Teacher Response. †(Dahlgren et. al. ,p. 6) Projected outcome of the Time To Teach! once the program has been implemented students will be taught what the classroom expectations are and the teachers will not how to teach classroom ru les and routines with success. The term Teach To’s was first coined almost four decades ago. (p. 6) With today’s students showing up for class not knowing how to act or what is expected of them is the norm while having students who show up knowing how to act is the exception.The good news is that there is that even if we have students that have bad behaviors that affect the classroom functioning, when successfully â€Å"teaching-to† your classroom rules and routines, â€Å"you will be guaranteed a more effective instructional climate. †(Dahlgren et. al. ,p. 7) The authors continue, â€Å"Teaching-to† behaviors are a foundational and powerful component of the Time To Teach! Program. We have been doing it for forty years. †(p. 7) Conclusion: Students should gain more confidence as teachers continue with the program and as they begin to ‘buy-in’ in to the system. School-wide behavioral- management and character education in todayâ⠂¬â„¢s world is a must. Every classroom in every school can find a room with the rules posted, and talked about once, but these programs â€Å"expectations† will be posted everywhere and will be talked about and taught until every student gets it.Students will be taught how to act and what is expected of them in a positive respectful way with unconditional positive regard. Students will be asked to compete in a contest to design the â€Å"character logos,† whoever wins will receive a prize of some sort and school wide credit. Because somewhere in this face paced world, of video games, cell phones, tablets, and laptops, these latch key students have not been taught how to act appropriately and it is our responsibility as teachers to teach them character traits and behavior management skills. The school administrators have a tough job. They have to try to please the district offices, teachers, parents, students, the community and the government, all while trying to do wh at’s best for the education of the student.In today’s world it is increasingly apparent that it is essential to incorporate the behavior management skills. â€Å"It is important to understand that teaching behavior is as important as teaching academics. †(Dahlgren et. al. ,p. 198) The authors continue, that â€Å"on a school-wide basis, children must be taught these expectations until they understand these expectations, and finally they should be held accountable for these expectations. † (p. 198) Thanks to Time To Teach for making these expectations a reality. References Dahlgren R. , Dahlgren A. , Faulk J. , Lattimer M. , Ludwig. (2011) Associate Training Manual Time To Teach. , Dahlgren R. & Hyatt J. (1994-2007). Time To Teach: Encouragement, Empowerment, and Excellence in Every Classroom. Hayden Lake, ID. , CTE, Center for Teacher Effectiveness. Dahlgren R. , Malas B. , Faulk J. , & Lattimer M. (2008). Time To Teach! The Source for Classroom Managemen t. , Hayden Lake, ID. , CTE, Center for Teacher Effectiveness. W. K. Kellogg Foundation. (2004). Using Logic Models to bring together planning, evaluation, and action: Logic Model Development Guide. , Retrieved from http://www. wkkf. org/~/media/36693510092544928C454B5778180D75/LogicModel. pdf McDavid J. C. , Huse I. , & Hawthorn R. L. , (2013) Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement An Introduction to Practice. , Second Edition. , Thousand Oaks, CA. , Sage Publications.

The Great Gatzby essays

The Great Gatzby essays The Great Gatsby is a story, told through an observer, about a mans trials and tribulations who tries to regain what he had in the past. The whole focus of the story is on Gatsbys dream, his desire to rekindle the flames of a previous fire. Daisy, the fire, is along for the ride. A ride that contains many twists and turns that only lead to corruption. Nick, the narrator of the story, has just moved from the Midwest to New York. Knowing that Nick is the narrator, it is important to realize that some of the things he says or feels could be swayed by his own emotions. Also living in New York and near to Nicks house is the Buchanans. Tom Buchanan is an acquaintance from Nicks days in college and Daisy is Nicks cousin. Nicks move is going very smoothly and his cousin is getting him used to the high-class lifestyle. Being from a middle class society Nick, at times, enjoys the elegant parties that are thrown almost every day. At Daisys house is where Nick is informed about Toms affair. Jordan, Daisys friend, catches Nick up on the latest gossip and hopes Nick would be able to help the situation. Jordan also asks about Nicks neighbor, Gatsby, whom he has not yet met but decides to later on. One afternoon Tom invites Nick out for an evening in the city. This is when Nick realizes the severity and the careless nature of the affair. Along the way they pick up Myrtle, Toms second lover, and head off to another party. At the party we find out that Tom and Daisys relationship is not going to last. Nick is finally introduced to his neighbor in chapter 3. Gatsbys driver invited Nick to a party at Gatsbys house. There were many people in attendance and few knew the host. Everyone was gossiping about the mysterious Gatsby and Nick took it upon himself to find the truth. By wondering through the party he meets Gatsby a ...

The Importance of a Residency Statement

The Importance of a Residency Statement Whether you are writing your residency statement or a nursing essay, there are several rules you must follow in order to ensure success. As someone with a great deal of experience writing and proofing college application essays, I have compiled a list of four fundamental rules that I believe are essential to writing good composition. If you are interested in learning about these rules, please read on. There are four crucial chapters in writing a good application essay. They are: creating an outline, composing the body, revision, and proofreading. As elementary as these might seem, youd be amazed at how well they work. Despite the desire you might have to rush through your essay and get it done, I must insist that you remain calm and allow yourself plenty of time to execute each step. As I said before, creating an outline (and/or road map) for your paper will help drastically in keeping your thoughts organized and your thesis on track. Writing the paper is, of course, the bulk of the job and will probably require the most time. Just as important, however, are the revision and proofreading processes. As these are the final (and often most crucial) steps, you might want to look into hiring a professional to help. While often difficult, writing a residency statement (or any personal essay for that matter) should not be complicated. Following these steps will aid in keeping the writing process on course and save you from getting to lost in the work. For more information about composing a residency statement and/or if you would like someone to proof-read your residency personnel statement, please dont hesitate to contact me.

Design and Implementation of Networking Plan Essay

Design and Implementation of Networking Plan - Essay Example On a network of a number of routing protocols, rout distribution process is involved to help broaden various sections of network learned routes under the support of configured protocol in sequences adaptable to other segments too within the network system. In any communications over interlinked devices on the same network system, routers to have to be connected directly, static or dynamic. To explain these concepts: dynamic routers are always acquired from â€Å"visible† routers through routing protocols; and static routers keyed-in by the network administrator. In the case of any static routing (a system of manually inserting routes within the existing sequence of routers’ routing), a number of limitations are experienced. These include lack of its practicality/ success on larger network systems since it requires a lot of time to set up; all routers must be updated upon addition of new networks, by administrators; it requires a full understanding of internetwork in relation to the functionality of all router connections. Link state routing protocols have the limitations of inability to transfer data packets over larger network since it uses CPU and system memory to update routing tables; use of larger quantities of network bandwidth at times of convergence; and a lot of time consumed during convergence in case of poor coordination on the reception of rout information over the same network system. Overcoming the listed shortcomings takes into account measures such as reducing router resource utilization through prolonging update frequencies or by swapping rout summaries; and synchronizing updates with duration taken. Additionally, solution measures such as maximum hop counts, hold downs, route poisoning, and split horizons can be considered alternately to encounter  routing loops. The prime use of packet switching and IP address makes available internet infrastructure needed by routing protocols in the sequential transmission of data packets over the internet.

What Is Human Reproductive Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What Is Human Reproductive Cloning - Essay Example As the report declares the most prominent theoretical source of objections in the ‘deontological’ school of thought is the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant, the German eighteenth-century thinker who stressed the ideas of ‘transcendental’ freedom and autonomy. To define his idea of the transcendental autonomy of human reason, Kant presented several formulations of what he called the ‘categorical imperative.’ This is the moral law that he thought people should obey without exceptions. The general idea and two specific formulations of this overarching rule, and see how they can (or cannot) be employed in objections to human reproductive cloning. This paper discusses that Kant’s first formulation, which is of more use, was â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law†. The definition of the goodness of genetic diversity does make some sense, but it does not support the Kantian objection to cloning. We can permit cloning in cases where people cannot have children by any other means without allowing it to become the only way of making babies – and without disturbing the human gene pool in any way. Besides, it could be argued that whatever accidental advantages the variety of genetic constitutions has had in the past could in the future be secured by considered genetic enhancements. The more Kantian way to proceed is to say that genetic diversity is good, because it is natural, or intrinsically linked with human reproduction.

Final Exam Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam Part 2 - Essay Example The emergence of Conflict Resolution as an academic discipline was, actually, a culmination of multi-disciplinary studies in social sciences in an effort to find ways and means of averting the occurrence of another world war, after the Second World War (Ramsbotham, Wooodhouse, & Miall, 2011). As it can be seen, therefore, from the understanding of the concept, Conflict Resolution, and the reason that led to the emergence of this discipline as a fully-fledged academic discipline, the main importance of Conflict Resolution is to keep and to maintain peace among warring parties with differences that cannot effectively be solved through the court systems. Conflict resolution seeks to ensure that people co-exist peacefully with one another. Importance of culture in the field of conflict and resolution, and its relation with the idea of peace building Culture is deeply rooted in our past experiences, and as such, it can be viewed as a derivative of our experiences (Avruch, 20). Culture, th erefore, having been fashioned by our past experiences has great experience in our world view. Our world view is determined to a big extent by our cultures, and therefore, culture is quite important in conflict resolution. Culture can sometimes be used as an ideology to accelerate or to cause conflicts (Avruch, 16). In such a situation where a conflict arise due to misuse of culture for egocentric gains, the most effective way to resolve such a conflict is to analyze the cultural ideology that is used to cause the conflict, and after the analysis, you lay bare the inadequacies and the fallacies in the ideology. This will help a great deal in resolving the conflict. Culture can also be used to cause what Galtung calls, cultural violence (Galtung, 39). This happens when one uses their culture to justify their violent acts against other people. This will definitely lead to conflicts. Resolving such a conflict requires an analysis of the culture that is used to justify violence against other people, and after the analysis, the false ideas inherent in the culture should be exposed and logically critiqued. Cultural knowledge, therefore, is quite important in the field of Conflict resolution for it helps us in solving conflicts and maintaining peace. It is therefore related with the idea of peace building. Importance of the Nested Theory of Conflict in the field of Conflict Resolution Nested theory of conflict was propounded by Maire Dugan (Dugan, 14). Dugan propounded the theory after realising that some of the commonly used methods in conflict resolutions did not offer effective solutions, but rather, simplistic solutions that did not take into consideration the root causes of the problems. Dugan, therefore, came up with a nested model of conflict that is based on the structural nature of the conflicts. In the nested model, Dugan identified three levels of conflict. These levels are, issue specific level, relational level, structural subsystem level, and structural system level. The levels are interrelated and are arranged in such a way that the narrow types or levels of conflict are nested within the broader level. For instance, the level of issue specific is nested in all the other three levels, while structural sub-system level is nested only in the structural system level only. The issue-specific category of conflict is the simple issue based conflicts. Relational conflicts are conflicts that have their roots in our relation patterns on our attitudes towards

Causes of Earthquakes

Causes of Earthquakes Shreyas Patel The Earthquake ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to gain the knowledge on natural occurring disaster. I will be writing about the earthquakes and mainly how the earthquakes are formed all over the world in the earth crust. In this article, I will be elaborating the reasons of earthquakes. The impacts of an earthquake will also be illustrated with pictures which explain that how they were caused. And finally, I will include the mitigation for earthquakes, i.e. the measures that can be taken to prevent from the earthquakes and minimize the damage caused when they strike. All key factors and illustrations surrounding the causes, effects, and solution will be explained in detail to provide a complete understanding of â€Å"how earthquakes are formed†. After devoting my time in this research, I clearly understand the concept of how earthquakes are formed and how they occur over the period of time. I found that sea bed increases in surface area when the magma drills up and eventually cools down. The formation of our continent that occurred from 400 million years ago, the rigid terrain in the dessert and the tallest mountain that we have today are all evidences of plate tectonics which caused the earthquakes to occur. I also found that convection cells create hotspot in which magma drills up during a divergent boundary. The solution from experts all refer to common goal of studying landforms where earthquakes are most and collecting the seismographic material over many decades in order to get the data to predict an estimate of when the next earthquake may strike. Solution is to prepare for the worst and I have carefully outlined my solution in this report. The solution can also include international ties between countries. Any country hit by an earthquake can get a relief through charitable donation to help during difficult times. Introduction What is an earthquake? The earthquake is the sudden movement of the ground that discharges elastic energy stored in the rocks and generate seismic waves. These elastic waves radiate outwards from the â€Å"source† and vibrate the ground. What are the earthquake seismic waves? A seismic wave means the transferring of energy with vibrations from one spot to another within the earth. There are different types of waves but we are interested in only two types of seismic waves: P (primary) waves that are similar to sound waves, and S (secondary) which is a type of shear wave. Within the earth, P waves travel through the solids and the liquids, whereas S waves can only travel through the solids. Figure1 Source: http://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/earthquakes.html Figure 1 describes the waves that radiates from the center of the focus point of earthquake. It gives the way that earthquake take place through the sudden movement of tectonic plates and causes the waves to spread from the epic centre. The speed of the earthquakes is not constant but it varies with many factors. It is mostly affected by the depth and the type of the rocks. Figure 2 shows the P type and S type seismic waves. In P type, the compressed rock propagating in the same direction as the compression. Also, the P type wave moves faster than S type. In S type, liquid matter prevents S waves from spreading. It moves up and down or side to side. Figure 2 Source : http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/B02/lectures/Seismology/pswaves.htm Causes of an Earthquake Earthquakes are caused by the movements of plates under the surface of the earth’s crust. Movement between two plates is not smooth and it causes elastic energy to gradually build up over time. When we feel the ground is moving or shaking this energy is released as seismic waves from the epic centre. They usually occur on the boundaries of the plate margins which cover the earth like an egg shell. There are two main causes of earthquakes. Firstly, earthquakes can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions. When a volcanic eruption occurs, lava spreads across the land (Skinner and Murck, 175). These are very common in the areas of volcanic activity where they either follow or accompany eruption. Figure 3 shows the image of volcanic earthquake eruption occurs and spreads the lava around it. Figure 3 Source: http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/volcanoes-drop-hint-before-deadly-eruptions-study-1.1063506 Secondly, earthquakes can be triggered by tectonics activity related to plate margins and faults. The majority of the earthquakes occurring all over the world are caused by this process. Convection cells under the earth’s crust create a push and pull mechanism and forces the plates to move creating interaction between the plates. Figure 4 Source: http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth.html Figure 4 shows the process of plate tectonics occurrence. The plate tectonics tells us that the earth’s crust is broken into two different types of plates known as the oceanic and continental plates. These plates can slides over each other and are floating over the uppermost layer of the mantel and convection cells. The plates are in constant motion. Along their margins where they usually interact, important process such as the formation of mountain belts, earthquakes and volcanoes take place. Figure 5 Source: http://sichuanheartquake.wordpress.com/ Figure 6 Source: http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2011/03/13/the-failure-of-plate-tectonics/ Figure 5 and Figure 6, both are the same which describes the procedure of the causes of an earthquake. If we carefully observe both the Figure, we see the numbering that describes the way to take place. We see that the less dense oceanic plate collides with the continental plate (more dense) and sinks down and melts due to the high temperatures of the mantle. Also, if we observe the subduction zone, that’s what really, causes an earthquake. It is the constant colliding of the two plates that causes an isostatic rebound and stress to release the energy. Heat from the mantle causes the plates to grind against each other along plate margins commonly known as faults. The convection cells help the plates to move in a particular direction and since the plates are not smooth, they usually find their motion blocked. As a result, due to the tension and stress builds up, the fault breaks, energy is released in the form of seismic waves. Figure 7 Source: http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/tectonic_plates/boundaries_boundary_types.html Figure 7 shows the different types of plate boundaries. From the above figure, (1) represents the Divergent where the plate move away from each other, leaving a gaping hole for the hot spot. This usually leads to volcanic activity and new land formation. (2) Represents the Convergent which is most destructible. High chances of volcanic activity are expected due to the subduction zone. The melting of the less dense oceanic plate sinks along with water which evaporates and moves up with boiling magma. (3) Represents the Transform where the plates, which are not smooth at all, slide alongside each other causing massive vibrations and with enough build up of energy can also cause the huge earthquakes. Effects of an Earthquakes The effects of earthquakes towards the nation can be described in two categories: long term and short term. Long term effects can be the formation of new land, mountain folds and the deep trenches formed by the upwelling of magma at the hot spot. The short term effects can be the seismic waves that are generated during the impact, the broken pipe lines, landslides, mudslides, and the collapsing of the buildings. Tsunamis: Figure10 Source: http://www.howitworksdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Tsunami-formation-large.jpg Figure 11 Source: http://www.giglig.com/environment/tsunami Figure 10 shows the formation of the tsunami waves due to the movement of the plates that cause the earthquake to occur in the sea. Figure 11 shows the image of tsunami that takes place in Japan in 2011. When an overriding plate along subduction zone suddenly breaks free, it moves upwards raising the sea floor and the water above. The waves move outwards in ever-expanding circles. As they approach land, water recedes from the shore. They are able to cross the entire oceans without a great loss of energy. Landslides: Figure 12 Source: http://landslides.usgs.gov/research/inventory/utahttp://landslides.usgs.gov/research/inventory/utah/h/ Figure 12 and Figure 13 shows the views of landslides takes place. Landslides are rocks, earth, or debris flows on a slope due to gravity. During an earthquake, the seismic waves can shakes the ground, enough to cause a landslide, easily on a slope. The effects can be devastating, as the debris won’t stop tumbling down until a flat plain is reached or an obstacle bigger than it is encountered. Buildings and structures: Figure 13 Figure 14 Source: http://sichuanheartquake.wordpress.comhttp://sichuanheartquake.wordpress.com// Figure 13 and Figure 14 shows that effect of earthquakes on the buildings and roadways. After an earthquake, damages occur to buildings, bridges, roads and everything that stand on its own. As a result, large numbers of people may be died, injured or homeless in the aftermath of an earthquake. New land Formation: Figure 15 Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/volcano2.htm When the divergent boundaries moves away from each other, magma rises up and cools down to form a new landform. It can form on the land and on the sea bed, increasing the surface area as shown in Figure 15. Solution of an Earthquake Over many years, researchers and scientists have tried to find at least a reasonable prediction of an earthquake to when it will occur, however, it is a natural disaster that can strike at any point in time that look how big the earth surface is. So, the data collecting from every fault margin for epic centre is physically possible. Moreover, we cannot physical see an earthquake approaching, it’s just energy (seismic) waves travelling that can compress and shear. Although, there are several ways to be alerted and predict from the incident to be happen. These ways are as follows: Richter scale: The moment an earthquake strikes, the Richter scale extremely sensitive to vibration thereby it will send signals to an alarm and also record the data on a seismograph for the calculation of magnitude. Prediction: In area like the â€Å"Ring of Fire†, is known for volcanic activity. Also, the earthquakes have been recorded along with event that took place. So, there is always a probability of an earthquake in a certain area since it keeps occurring in the same area is clearly an indication that it is very likely that an earthquake can happen. Drills: Training session would be given to teach people that what to do during an actual earthquake take place. Earthquake-resistant buildings: This type of buildings can withstand a certain amount of magnitude and can cope with the seismic waves. The design of buildings depends on providing the building with strength, stiffness and inelastic deformation capacity which are great enough to withstand a given level of earthquake as shown in below images. Figure 16 Source: http://forum.strukts.com/discussion/420/earthquake-resistant-construction/p1 Statistics of an Earthquake Figure 18 Source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/neic_bulletins_figures.php#figure1 As shown in the above Figure 18, According to the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake information Center, there is an increasing in the amount of earthquake during 19th century. Moreover, the magnitude threshold of an earthquake is also estimated across the whole world. Figure 19 shows the magnitude of an earthquake versus different year. Figure 19 Source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/graphs.php Conclusion and Recommendation In my opinion, I believe that finding exact solution of earthquake still needs time to evolve, as it is hard to predict that when an earthquake will strike. It is obvious that prediction can be made from the relevant occurrences of that same activity, but still will not be accurate enough to evacuate millions of people and move then to safe place. At last, I do not believe that we can stop earthquakes, not even in millions of years. It is something naturally unique that cannot be stopped. The only option is to move away from the regions which are prone to earthquakes regularly and to evacuate people who reside near volcano and prepare for the worst case situation until the things can be reasonable fixed. Bibliography Skinner Brian J., Murch Barbara W. â€Å"The Blue Planet: An Introduction to Earth System Science†. United States of America: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication, 2011. Page 175.Print. http://7bluec1-2012.wikispaces.com/Glossary http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/14652682 http://www.astronomynotes.com/solarsys/s8.htm http://www.essaseoutras.xpg.com.br/vulcoes-em-erupcao-as-fotos-mais-incriveis-da-furia-da-natureza-veja/ http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/PlateTectonics.shtml http://dirtyclassroom537.blogspot.ca/2012/05/plate-tectonics-caroline-burdick.html http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2011/03/13/the-failure-of-plate-tectonics/ http://www.suu.edu/faculty/colberg/hazards/platetectonics/platetectonics.html http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/tectonic_plates/boundaries_boundary_types.html http://www.examiner.com/slideshow/japan-earthquake-tsunami#slide=2 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/pictures/110315-nuclear-reactor-japan-tsunami-earthquake-world-photos-meltdown/#/japan-earthquake-tsunami-nuclear-unforgettable-pictures-wave_33291_600x450.jpg http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-138177/A-landslide-triggered-by-an-earthquake-destroyed-part-of-a http://coastalcare.org/2011/04/japan-quake-caused-surprisingly-severe-soil-collapse/ http://ks3geoblogbytes.wordpress.com/year-7/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/surface_and_interior/lava http://mceer.buffalo.edu/infoservice/reference_services/adveqdesign.asp http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/neic_bulletins_figures.php#figure1 http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/neic_bulletins_figures.php#figure4 http://inventors.about.com/od/qrstartinventors/a/Charles_Richter.htm http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-03- 28/india/27831302_1_tsunami-scientistsearthquake http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/plate_tectonics/rift_man.php http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/subd_zone.htm http://kobeshakes.wordpress.com/2010/03/26/kobe-shakes/ http://internalenergy.blinkweb.com/ http://www.ussartf.org/landslides.htm http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/activezone/slides/pangea-slide.html

Bibliography of Geoffrey Chaucer ::

Bibliography of Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer was born in the early 1340's, in approximately 1343. Little is known about Chaucer's early life. According to Microsoft Encarta, "there is relatively strong evidence to support the fact that he attended one of the three grammar-schools: either St. Paul's, St. Mary-le-Bow's, or St. Martin-le-Grand's. The next reliable bit of data places him, at around the age of fourteen, as a page in the household of the wife of Prince Lionel, the third son of Edward III. He apparently held this position for a long time" (Mirosoft) According to Grose, "Chaucer's first foray into the King's Business appears in October of 1360, when he couriered letters from the Calais to England during peace negotiations there. For this service he held the official title of clerk of the king attached to the person of Prince Lionel. In this way, Chaucer began to service to his king. In 1368, Chaucer was awarded a royal pension for life, indicating a long and valued service to his liege" (Grose 23). He served as sort of jack-of-all-trades. The only known facts about Chaucer's life between 1358 and 1367 are that he was imprisoned in France during the Hundred Years War and was ransomed in March 1360, for rather large sum. In this time Chaucer also married Philippa Roet, lady-in-waiting to the queen. She bore at least two children. Between 1368 and 1367, Chaucer undertook nearly a dozen diplomatic missions to Flanders, France and Italy. Many were important; indeed many were so secret that they were not mentioned in the histories of the time at all. In 1381, Chaucer was sent to deal with marriage negotiations Bibliography of Geoffrey Chaucer :: Bibliography of Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer was born in the early 1340's, in approximately 1343. Little is known about Chaucer's early life. According to Microsoft Encarta, "there is relatively strong evidence to support the fact that he attended one of the three grammar-schools: either St. Paul's, St. Mary-le-Bow's, or St. Martin-le-Grand's. The next reliable bit of data places him, at around the age of fourteen, as a page in the household of the wife of Prince Lionel, the third son of Edward III. He apparently held this position for a long time" (Mirosoft) According to Grose, "Chaucer's first foray into the King's Business appears in October of 1360, when he couriered letters from the Calais to England during peace negotiations there. For this service he held the official title of clerk of the king attached to the person of Prince Lionel. In this way, Chaucer began to service to his king. In 1368, Chaucer was awarded a royal pension for life, indicating a long and valued service to his liege" (Grose 23). He served as sort of jack-of-all-trades. The only known facts about Chaucer's life between 1358 and 1367 are that he was imprisoned in France during the Hundred Years War and was ransomed in March 1360, for rather large sum. In this time Chaucer also married Philippa Roet, lady-in-waiting to the queen. She bore at least two children. Between 1368 and 1367, Chaucer undertook nearly a dozen diplomatic missions to Flanders, France and Italy. Many were important; indeed many were so secret that they were not mentioned in the histories of the time at all. In 1381, Chaucer was sent to deal with marriage negotiations